How can I ensure the lubricant is compatible with the excavator bearing materials?

Ensuring that the lubricant is compatible with the excavator bearing materials is critical for maximizing the performance and extending the service life of the bearings. Here are some steps you can take to ensure compatibility:

Consult the manufacturer’s guidelines

The manufacturer of the excavator and the bearing will usually provide recommendations for the type of lubricant that is compatible with the materials used in the bearing. Check the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure that you select a lubricant that is approved for use with the bearing materials.

Check the lubricant specifications

The lubricant should have specifications that are compatible with the bearing materials. Check the lubricant specifications to ensure that it is compatible with the materials used in the bearing.

Conduct compatibility testing

If you are unsure whether a lubricant is compatible with the bearing materials, you can conduct compatibility testing. This involves applying a small amount of the lubricant to the bearing material and observing any changes or reactions. If there are no adverse reactions, the lubricant is likely compatible.

Consider the operating conditions

The operating conditions for the excavator, such as temperature, speed, and load, can affect the performance of the lubricant. Consider the specific operating conditions of the excavator when selecting a lubricant that can withstand the demands of the application.

Consult with a lubrication specialist

Consult with a qualified lubrication specialist who can advise you on the best lubricant for your excavator bearing based on the specific requirements and operating conditions of your application.

By following these steps, you can ensure that the lubricant is compatible with the excavator bearing materials, which will help to maximize performance and extend the service life of the bearings.

How do wafer butterfly valves compare to other types of valves in terms of cost and performance?

Wafer butterfly valves have several advantages over other types of valves in terms of cost and performance.

Cost

Wafer butterfly valves are generally less expensive than other types of valves, such as ball valves and gate valves, which makes them a cost-effective solution for many applications.

Installation

Wafer butterfly valves are easy and quick to install because they do not require additional hardware, such as bolts and nuts, for installation.

Maintenance

Wafer butterfly valves require less maintenance compared to other types of valves, which can save time and money over the long term.

Space

Wafer butterfly valves have a compact and lightweight design, which makes them ideal for use in applications where space and weight are limited.

Performance

Wafer butterfly valves offer good performance for many applications, but may not be suitable for high-pressure or high-temperature applications.

Control

Wafer butterfly valves offer good control over the flow of fluid or gas, but may not provide precise control that is required in some applications.

Wafer butterfly valves are a cost-effective and reliable solution for many applications. However, they may not be suitable for all applications, such as those requiring precise control or high-pressure or high-temperature applications. It is important to consult with a qualified engineer or wafer butterfly valve factory to determine the most appropriate type of valve for your specific application.

¿Cómo puedo asegurarme de que el piso autoadhesivo se adhiera correctamente a la superficie?

Para asegurarse de que el piso autoadhesivo se adhiera correctamente a la superficie, aquí hay algunos consejos útiles:

  1. Preparar la superficie: Antes de instalar el piso autoadhesivo, asegúrese de que la superficie esté limpia, seca y libre de polvo y escombros. Si la superficie no está limpia y seca, el adhesivo no se adherirá adecuadamente.
  2. Medir y cortar con precisión: Mida y corte el piso autoadhesivo con precisión para asegurarse de que se ajuste correctamente a la superficie. Utilice una regla o un cuchillo afilado para cortar el piso de manera precisa.
  3. Aplicar presión: Aplique presión uniforme al piso autoadhesivo para asegurarse de que se adhiera correctamente a la superficie. Utilice una rodilla, un rodillo o un objeto pesado para aplicar presión uniforme en el piso durante al menos 24 horas después de la instalación.
  4. Evitar el movimiento: Evite caminar sobre el piso autoadhesivo durante al menos 24 horas después de la instalación para permitir que el adhesivo se adhiera correctamente a la superficie.
  5. Evitar la humedad: Evite la humedad en el piso autoadhesivo durante al menos 48 horas después de la instalación, ya que la humedad puede debilitar el adhesivo.

Siguiendo estos consejos, puede asegurarse de que el piso autoadhesivo se adhiera correctamente a la superficie y dure por muchos años. Si tiene alguna pregunta o preocupación sobre la instalación del piso autoadhesivo, consulte las instrucciones del fabricante o hable con un profesional de la instalación de pisos.

Cos’è un pavimento autoadesivo?

El piso autoadhesivo es un tipo de piso que se instala sin necesidad de utilizar adhesivos líquidos. piso autoadhesivo En lugar de eso, este tipo de piso tiene una capa adhesiva en la parte posterior que se adhiere directamente al sustrato o superficie donde se va a instalar. Aquí hay algunas características y beneficios del piso autoadhesivo:

  1. Fácil instalación: La instalación del piso autoadhesivo es fácil y rápida, ya que no se necesita adhesivo líquido ni herramientas especiales.
  2. Bajo costo: El piso autoadhesivo es generalmente más económico que otros tipos de pisos, lo que lo hace una opción atractiva para aquellos que buscan una opción de bajo costo.
  3. Variedad de estilos: El piso autoadhesivo está disponible en una amplia variedad de estilos, patrones y colores que pueden adaptarse a cualquier decoración.
  4. Resistencia al agua: Algunos tipos de piso autoadhesivo son resistentes al agua, lo que los hace ideales para su uso en áreas húmedas como baños y cocinas.
  5. Fácil mantenimiento: El piso autoadhesivo es fácil de limpiar y mantener, ya que solo requiere barrido y limpieza con un paño húmedo.
  6. Reemplazo fácil: El piso autoadhesivo es fácil de reemplazar si se daña o desgasta con el tiempo.

En general, el piso autoadhesivo es una opción económica y fácil de instalar para aquellos que buscan una opción de piso atractiva y de bajo costo. Es importante seguir las instrucciones del fabricante para instalar correctamente el piso y asegurarse de que se adhiera de manera segura a la superficie.

Advantages of non-woven fabrics

light weight

Polypropylene resin is used as the main raw material for production, and its specific gravity is only 0.9, which is only three-fifths of that of cotton. It is bulky and feels good.

soft

Composed of thin fibers (2-3D) light point hot-melt bonding molding. The finished product is moderately soft and comfortable.

water repellent, breathable

Polypropylene slices do not absorb water, have zero moisture content, and the finished product has good water repellency. It is composed of 100% fibers with porosity and good air permeability. It is easy to keep the cloth surface dry and easy to wash.

It can purify the air and keep bacteria and viruses out by taking advantage of the advantages of small holes.

Non-toxic, non-irritating

The product is produced with FDA food-grade raw materials, does not contain other chemical ingredients, has stable performance, is non-toxic, has no peculiar smell, and does not irritate the skin.

Antibacterial, Antichemical Agents

Polypropylene is a chemically inactive substance, not moth-eaten, and can isolate the erosion of bacteria and insects in the liquid; antibacterial, alkali corrosion, and the strength of the finished product will not be affected by erosion.

antibacterial properties.

The product is water-removing, not moldy, and can isolate the corrosion of bacteria and insects in the liquid, and is not moldy.

Good physical properties.

It is made of polypropylene spinning directly laid into a net and thermally bonded. The strength of the product is better than that of ordinary staple fiber products. The strength has no directionality and the vertical and horizontal strengths are similar.

In terms of environmental protection, the raw material of most non-woven fabrics used is polypropylene, while the raw material of plastic bags is polyethylene. Although the two substances have similar names, they are very different in chemical structure. The chemical molecular structure of polyethylene has a very strong stability and is extremely difficult to degrade, so plastic bags need 300 years to decompose; while the chemical structure of polypropylene is not strong, the molecular chain can be easily broken, so that it can be effectively degraded , and enter the next step of the environmental cycle in a non-toxic form, a non-woven shopping bag can be completely decomposed within 90 days. Moreover, non-woven shopping bags can be reused more than 10 times, and the pollution to the environment after disposal is only 10% of that of plastic bags.

Properties of deep groove ball bearings

working principle

Deep groove ball bearings mainly bear radial loads, and can also bear radial loads and axial loads at the same time. When it is only subjected to radial loads, the contact angle is zero. When the deep groove ball bearing has a large radial clearance, it has the performance of an angular contact bearing and can withstand a large axial load. The friction coefficient of the deep groove ball bearing is small, and the limit speed is also high.

Bearing characteristics

Deep groove ball bearings are the most commonly used rolling bearings. The bearings supplied by china Deep Groove Ball Bearings suppliers are simple in structure and easy to use. It is mainly used to bear radial load, but when the radial clearance of the bearing is increased, it has a certain performance of angular contact ball bearing, and can bear combined radial and axial loads. When the speed is high and thrust ball bearings are not suitable, they can also be used to bear pure axial loads. Compared with other types of bearings with the same specification and size as deep groove ball bearings, this type of bearing has a small friction coefficient and a high limit speed. However, it is not resistant to impact and is not suitable for heavy loads.

After the deep groove ball bearing is installed on the shaft, within the range of the axial clearance of the bearing, it can limit the axial displacement of the shaft or the housing in two directions, so it can be positioned axially in both directions. In addition, this type of bearing also has a certain self-aligning ability. When it is tilted 2’~10′ relative to the housing hole, it can still work normally, but it will have a certain impact on the life of the bearing.

Fire Monitor Application And Advantages

The use of remote control fire monitor provides many advantages for the fire industry. Remote control of fire monitors provides many benefits, including operational and financial.

List the advantages of remote control fire monitor

In this article, the advantages of remote control fire monitor will be discussed in detail. One of the most important advantages of remote control fire monitor is to improve the safety of personnel. Due to the remote control function, fire fighters can operate the display within a safe distance, reducing the need for personnel to enter the dangerous area. In addition, the remote control function allows precise control of the flow of the monitor to ensure that only the necessary water is used.

The second advantage of remote fire monitor is to improve the accuracy of water flow. The use of manual fire monitors may cause excessive or insufficient fire suppression. The remote control fire monitor can be programmed to eliminate the possibility of unintentional use of excessive water. This function also allows precise control of water flow, ensuring that an appropriate amount of water is used to extinguish the fire.

The third advantage of remote control fire monitor is to reduce the demand for manpower. By using the remote control fire monitor, fewer people are required to operate the monitor, thus reducing the overall cost of fire control operation. In addition, the remote control fire monitor can be operated by one operator, further reducing the cost.

The fourth advantage of remote control fire monitor is to improve the efficiency of fire fighting operation. The remote control fire monitor can put out the fire more accurately and effectively, thus putting out the fire faster and reducing the losses caused by the fire.

In addition, the remote control fire monitor can be used to guide water from a distance, thus making more efficient use of resources. In short, the use of remote control fire monitors has brought many advantages to the fire industry. These advantages include improving the safety of personnel, improving the accuracy of water flow, reducing manpower demand and improving the efficiency of fire fighting.

Application of fire monitor

The application of fire monitor varies greatly due to its model and its intended use. Some fire monitors are specially designed for general fire fighting, while others are specially designed for fire fighting and control of hazardous substances, such as oil, fuel and chemicals. The fire monitor is also used to extinguish forest fires, control smoke, extinguish and contain fires in enclosed spaces, and even clean up dangerous spills.

For example, some fire monitoring systems can be used in petrochemical plants to put out fires inside and around tanks storing hazardous materials. Fire monitors are also used in large industrial parks, such as refineries and power plants, to put out and contain fires and hazardous substances. In addition, fire monitors can be used in agricultural environments to help extinguish and control fires in farms, fields and crop storage areas.

The remote control fire monitoring system is also very popular in areas where firefighters need to enter inaccessible locations. By using remote control monitors, firefighters can efficiently and safely deploy fire monitors to places with limited or dangerous access. This may include locations such as roofs, attics, and other elevated areas.

What are the factors that affect the annealing brightness of stainless steel pipe fittings?

The thin-walled stainless steel fittings are made of 304 (06Cr19Ni10) austenitic stainless steel material, which is welded into a billet tube after forming, and then subjected to multiple passes of diameter reduction, wall stretching, and then the fittings are cleaned and dried, and annealed (solution treatment). Annealing is divided into general annealing and bright annealing two methods. General annealing refers to the role of annealing without protective gas, such as open fire heating continuous annealing furnace, this type of annealing stainless steel fittings, but also need to go through pickling to remove the surface in the annealing process generated by the iron oxide skin, due to acid corrosion, so the luster is poor, the surface looks white, not bright, toughness is poor.

Bright annealing is divided into two kinds, one is annealing with full hydrogen protection state, this hydrogen comes from electrolysis or third party supply, high purity and low dew point; the other is decomposition with ammonia, the decomposition of the gas after drying into the furnace as a protective gas, relatively speaking, the purity and dew point are worse. However, the similarity between the two methods is that they both use hydrogen as the protective gas, the furnace body structure is special, there is a thing called “muffle” inside, the flame first heats the “muffle”, and then the heat is transferred to the stainless steel pipe fittings through the method of heat conduction, so as to Avoid the oxidation of stainless steel pipe fittings, so after bright annealing stainless steel pipe fittings do not need to pickle again, so bright annealed stainless steel pipe fittings than the general annealed stainless steel pipe fittings to bright, better corrosion resistance.

The thin-walled stainless steel pipe fittings are bright annealed, and our products can increase the toughness of the fittings after bright annealing to prevent the fittings from springing back during the jamming process. In the production of thin-walled stainless steel fittings, due to production management, operation, process technology, raw and auxiliary materials and other factors, pipe bright annealing is prone to some quality problems, affecting the pipe bright effect.

So, what are the factors that affect the annealing of thin-walled stainless steel pipe fittings are bright?

1 the impact of the protective atmosphere using liquid ammonia decomposition gas as a protective atmosphere, liquid ammonia will decompose above 800 ℃. 2NH3 → 3H2 + N2 hydrogen as reducing gas, to liquid ammonia decomposition atmosphere as a protective gas, can make the surface of the welded pipe white bright and smooth.

2 furnace body sealing to ensure that thin-walled stainless steel pipe annealing bright, bright annealing furnace should be closed, isolated from the outside air.

3 solid solution treatment temperature solid solution treatment temperature is one of the most important parameters of the solid-liquid treatment process, too high or too low will directly affect the quality of the pipe, the temperature is too high welded pipe organization coarsening, performance decline, the temperature is too low solid solution is not complete, stress relief is not complete, choose 1080 ℃ ± 10 ℃, and proper insulation, carbide can be fully dissolved.

4 protective gas pressure in order to prevent micro-leakage, the furnace protective gas should be maintained at a certain positive pressure, if the hydrogen protective gas, generally requires more than 20kBar. 5 furnace water vapor furnace water vapor content is too high, will cause the atmosphere damage, so that thin-walled stainless steel pipe annealing brightness is affected. Water vapor on the one hand from the furnace material; on the other hand, from the residual water stains into the furnace stainless steel pipe fittings.

How old is the right time to wear pull-up pants for babies?

After the baby learns to turn over and crawl, he or she will not want to lie down when changing diapers, and at this time, pull-ups, which are easy to put on and take off, start to show their advantages. The first thing that you need to do is to get a good idea of what you are getting into.

Baby Diaper Machine

Aibe Harbor Pull-up Pants

Pull-up pants are also called baby training pants or growth pants. Compared to traditional diapers, their small underwear-like design makes them more convenient to put on and take off, and babies are less likely to run off or loosen up when wearing pull-up pants. They can be used as a transition between diapers and underwear. When determining when a baby can start using pull-ups, moms can refer to the following situations.

The baby can crawl and is very active and active

Abbeyport baby pull-ups

If your baby starts to learn to crawl and roll and is very active and mobile (usually around 7 or 8 months), you can consider trying to put on pull-ups. For one thing, it is difficult to wear diapers without cooperation, and for another, diapers can run off or come loose and lose their function during ta’s play. However, all parents should remember not to put their babies in pull-ups too early and not to change from diapers to pull-ups all at once.

When your baby starts to toddle

Baby pull-ups

Babies will start to learn to walk around the age of one, and their mobility will be further enhanced. Wearing pull-ups is like wearing a pair of cotton underwear for your baby, which can achieve the purpose of training and prevent your baby from wetting his or her pants.

Pull-ups are generally designed to facilitate walking babies, especially when the baby is big and active, ordinary diapers are particularly bad to wear, and wearing pull-ups allows the baby to move freely and not be bound. So for the question of when is it suitable for babies to wear pull-ups, Abbeyport Seven believes that, in general, you can consider using pull-ups for your baby after he or she has mastered turning over, crawling and sitting up.

Learn to buy these universal tension machine is no longer blind

Learn to buy these universal tension machine is no longer blind
Tensile testing machine is also called material testing machine, belongs to the general industry testing instruments, the market classification of tensile strength machine is broadly divided into two kinds: computerized and economic electronic, many customers feel very blind when buying tensile strength machine, no way to start, now as long as we start from the following aspects, you will be able to find a high quality instrument that you trust, look at it together.

First, the first thing to consider the need to test the range of material tensile strength.

   Tensile testing machine is divided into single-column and double-column two, the general single-column load element (capacity / sensor) within 500KG and double-column are more than 500KG, double-column tensile testing machine used in the wire and electric olive, machinery, rubber and plastic industries more tensile range of different, decided to use the load element (sensor) is different, also decided the structure of the tensile machine, but the price of the impact is not significant (Except door type). For general flexible packaging manufacturers, the pull range of 200 Newton is sufficient. Therefore, it is also decided to use the single-arm type can be.

 The corresponding structure with the single-arm type is the door structure, it is to adapt to the larger pull, such as a ton or more, flexible packaging manufacturers basically do not use.
Second, the test stroke problem.
  According to the performance and requirements of flexible packaging film needs to be tested, the stroke in 500-600mm can be. Material elongation of more than 1000% can be used to choose the stroke of 1000 or 1200mm.
Third, the standard configuration issues.
  Intelligent three basic configurations: host, microcomputer, and printer, if the microcomputer function is strong can be printed directly. Also can be equipped with a general computer. With a computer, you can carry out complex data analysis, such as data editing, local enlargement, can adjust the report form, statistical analysis of grouped samples. If equipped with a computer, the manufacturer should be equipped with the corresponding software control system.
Fourth, the output results.
  Test results output results can be arbitrarily set: zui force value, elongation, tensile strength, constant force elongation, constant elongation force value, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, zui large test force of 8. This can be said to be the zui comprehensive results of the output when the computer operation. The products of some foreign manufacturers can generally output these 8 items. Some domestic manufacturers can output 5-6, some manufacturers can only output zui force value, the average value, zui small value of three.
Fifth, in the experimental projects can be done.
  Flexible packaging requires a multi-use tension machine, that is, on the basis of different fixtures, can do tensile, compression, bending, tearing, shearing, 180 degrees peel, 90 degrees peel test.
 Six, the main configuration of the product machinery.
  Transmission, there are ball screw transmission and T-screw transmission, the former is expensive, for high precision, high test repeatability; the latter is cheap, for low precision, low test repeatability.
Screws, for tension accuracy measurement has a decisive role. The general ones are ball screw, trapezoidal screw, and general screw. Among them, the degree of ball screw is zui high, but the performance of its performance depends on the operation of computer servo system to play, and the whole set is also more expensive. The use of general screw and trapezoidal screw can achieve the required accuracy of flexible packaging, that is, plus or minus 0.5% accuracy.

Sensor, the main cost lies in the life, photoelectric induction is one of the more advanced technology, generally available for more than 100,000 times, imports and some domestic joint venture manufacturers can reach.
Seven, the test speed.
The national standard test speed of 300 mm / min, some of the market equipment in 10 to 500 mm / min, some in 0.01 to 500 mm / min, the former generally use ordinary speed control system, the cost is low, rough impact on the accuracy; the latter use of servo systems, expensive, high precision, for flexible packaging enterprises, the choice of servo systems, speed range 0.5 to 500 mm /min is enough, so that neither affect the accuracy, the price is within a reasonable range.


Eight, measurement accuracy.
Accuracy issues, including force accuracy, speed accuracy, deformation accuracy, displacement accuracy. These precision values zui can reach plus or minus 0.5. But for general manufacturers, to achieve 1% accuracy is enough. In addition, the force resolution of almost all can reach one hundred thousandth (servo system control can reach this requirement)

Currently on the market for the detection of material tensile properties of many tensile testing machines, but not all testing machines are suitable for the tensile test of flexible packaging materials, this paper combined with China’s material testing standards, analysis of the selection of soft packaging materials testing tensile machine should pay particular attention to the indicators.
Tensile properties of plastics and rubber is one of the zui important and zui basic properties of its mechanical properties, which largely determines the use of the kind of plastic and rubber occasions. Tensile properties of good or bad, can be detected by tensile test.
1, the tensile properties of polymers
As a material used when the polymer is required to have the necessary mechanical properties. It can be said that for most applications of polymers, mechanical properties are more important than other physical properties.
Polymers have the widest range of mechanical properties of any known material due to the fact that polymers are composed of long chain molecules and have significant relaxation properties in molecular motion. Such as polymer materials have a fairly high elongation, the general PE elongation at break in 90% to 950% (including the elongation of linear low density polyethylene LLDPE higher), through a special production process, the elongation of some materials can be above 1000%, while the elongation at break of ordinary polymer materials are also more than 50% to 100% between. Usually the higher requirements for the tensile properties of the material are heat shrinkable film and stretch film, etc.
2、Tensile test
Tensile test (stress-strain test) is generally the material specimen ends are clamped on two jigs at a certain distance apart, the two jigs to a certain rate of separation and stretch the specimen to determine the stress change on the specimen, until the specimen damage.
Tensile test is one of the methods widely used to study the mechanical strength of materials, which requires the use of constant speed movement of the tensile testing machine. According to the different ways of load determination, tensile testing machine can be broadly divided into two types of pendulum tensile testing machine and electronic tensile testing machine, the current use of more electronic tensile testing machine.
3, electronic tensile testing machine selection index
As the flexible packaging materials are mainly polymer or its related materials, as mentioned before polymer materials elongation is far better than metal, fiber, wood, plate and other materials, so the detection of polymer tensile strength machine with the usual material tensile properties testing tensile strength machine has certain differences, especially need to pay attention to the effective stroke of the electronic tensile strength machine and the specimen fixture two aspects.
3.1 Effective Stroke
In the tensile test, the size of the specimen used is small, but the elongation of the material is generally high, so the tensile properties of the test soft packaging materials need to be equipped with a larger stroke of the pulling machine, otherwise the fixture may exceed the limit of use of the stroke, causing damage to the equipment.
GB13022-91 “plastic film tensile properties test method” given in the elongation at break or yield elongation (εt, unit is %) of the calculation formula
εt=[L-L0*100]/ L0
where: εt is the elongation at break or elongation at yield.
L is the distance between the markers at fracture or at yield of the specimen.
L0 is the distance between the markers.

Australia’s three iron ore giants open a new wave of investment

Australia’s biggest iron ore producers are investing up to $10 billion (A$12.5 billion) in their mines to deliver a steady stream of goods to China as demand from their biggest customers shows little sign of slowing.

Led by Rio Tinto, Australia’s three largest exporters plan to add about 170 million tons of new capacity to replace mines that have been exhausted, and are looking at investments in infrastructure and equipment that would boost export capacity to long-term target levels. Deutsche Bank estimates that production from the three major miners will grow by 9% to 843 million tons in 2022.

Predictions of a slowdown in China’s steel industry have proved wrong, with BHP Billiton saying that production has not peaked and may not do so until 2025, while steelmaking feedstock will continue to perform strongly over the next 12 months.

Iron ore prices are currently near four-month highs.

Rio Tinto chief executive Jean-Sebastien Jacques is scheduled to commission the company’s $338 million Silvergrass mine on Wednesday, the first of a new round of old and new mine replacements in Western Australia’s Pilbara region.

According to government forecasts, Australia will account for about 56 percent of the global iron ore export market by 2019, compared with 54 percent last year.

As the world’s second-largest iron ore exporter after Brazil’s Vale (Vale), Rio Tinto reported earlier this month that it had approved spending $100 million to replace depleted mines and would consider approving another $100 million in spending over the next three years.

Rio Tinto is also looking at $4.4 billion worth of potential development and maintenance spending, the paper showed.

BHP Billiton will seek approval next year to spend about $3.2 billion to develop the Pilbara’s SouthFlank mine to replace 80 million tons of annual production. Deutsche Bank predicted in a July report that the company would also invest $300 million to increase its annual capacity in Australia to 290 million tons.

Despite the wave of new investment, the top miners’ new spending still amounts to only a fraction of the money invested at the height of China’s demand boom.

Rio Tinto invested A$28 billion to expand mines and infrastructure in the Pilbara between 2009-2016, according to a June Rio Tinto report to the Australian government’s Productivity Commission.

This month BHP Billiton announced a jump in profits, with Chief Executive Andrew Mackenzie saying they felt more optimistic about China’s efforts to push through economic reforms, which has bolstered demand.

Iron ore prices have been rising since mid-June as China increased imports and iron ore supplies from major producers grew at a slower than expected rate.

FortescueMetalsGroup CEO NevPower said last week, “We’re investing in future production, getting replacement mines in place ahead of time when we need them and maintaining a 20-year production inventory.” The company expects to spend up to $1.5 billion on replacing the soon-to-be-discontinued Firetail operation.

Chris Salisbury, chief executive of Rio Tinto’s iron ore business, said the producer could add about 100 million tonnes of production to the seaborne market between 2017 and 2018, focusing mainly on next year. According to statements he made this month, steel demand in China is proving stronger than steel mills and traders had expected due to a rebound in machinery sales and growth in the auto sector.